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- by Derek Choi
-
- Shakespeare
- Tamed Shrews and Twelfth Nights: The Role of Women In Shakespeare
-
- It is curious to note the role of women in Shakespearean literature. Many critics
- have lambasted the female characters in his plays as two-dimensional and unrealistic
- portrayals of subservient women. Others have asserted that the roles of women in his
- plays were prominent for the time and culture that he lived in. That such contrasting
- views could be held in regards to the same topic is academic. It is only with close
- examination of his works that we are able to suppose his intent in creating characters that
- inspire so much controversy. Two works, Taming of the Shrew, and Twelfth Night, stand
- out particularly well in regards to ShakespeareÆs use of female characters. After
- examining these two plays, one will see that Shakespeare, though conforming to
- contemporary attitudes of women, circumvented them by creating resolute female
- characters with a strong sense of self.
- The Taming of the Shrew is one of ShakespeareÆs most famous plays, and has
- weathered well into our modern era with adaptations into popular television series such as
- Moonlighting. For all the praises it has garnered throughout the centuries, it is curious to
- note that many have considered it to be one of his most controversial in his treatment of
- women. The ôtamingö of Katherine has been contended as being excessively cruel by
- many writers and critics of the modern era. George Bernard Shaw himself pressed for its
- banning during the 19th century (Peralta). The subservience of Katherine has been labeled
- as barbaric, antiquated, and generally demeaning. The play centers on her and her lack of
- suitors. It establishes in the first act her shrewish demeanor and its repercussions on her
- family. It is only with the introduction of the witty Petruchio as her suitor, that one begins
- to see an evolution in her character. Through an elaborate charade of humiliating
- behavior, Petruchio humbles her and by the end of the play, she will instruct other women
- on the nature of being a good and dutiful wife.
-
- In direct contrast to Shrew, is Twelfth Night, whose main female protagonist is by
- far the strongest character in the play. The main character Viola, has been stranded in a
- foreign land and adopts the identity of her brother so that she might live independently
- without a husband or guardian. She serves as a courtier to a young, lovesick nobleman
- named Orsino. Throughout the play she plays as a go-between for him to the woman he
- loves. In the course of her service, she falls in love with him. Only at the end, does she
- renounce her male identity and declares her love for him.
- Both plays portray female characters unwilling to accept the female role of
- passivity. Katherine rebels against this stereotype by becoming a ôshrewö, a violently
- tempered and belligerent woman. Viola disguises herself as a man for most of the play in
- order to preserve her state of free will. Katherine endures reprimands, chiding, and
- humiliation in the course of her chosen rebellion. Viola enjoys life and position as a man,
- and does not reveal who she is until the last scene of the play. Curiously enough, both
- women voluntarily accept the roles that society would impose on them again at the close
- of the plays. It is important to note though, that they freely resume these roles, and that
- they do so out of their own sense of self. For each woman, it is a personal choice based
- on their desires. In the case of Katherine, she realizes that propriety is as much a signature
- of self-respect as respect for others, and she has a husband whom she need prove nothing
- to because he already respects her. In the case of Viola, she is in love with the young
- Orsino. Having found the man she would be willing to wed, the pretense of her male
- identity is no longer necessary, as she desires to be his wife.
- Having seen the similarities between Viola and Katherine, one should take notice
- that they do have different circumstances regarding their behavior. The reason for
- KatherineÆs shrewish demeanor is never given in the play, though many directors have
- interpreted it as an act to discourage suitors, much like HamletÆs feigned madness. Others
-
-
- have attributed it to sibling rivalry between Katherine and her sister Bianca. In any case,
- no clear rationale is given to the audience as to the reason for KatherineÆs behavior. It is
- enough to say that the actions of her father and sister do not relieve the situation as well.
- Throughout the whole of the play, her father treats her as a commodity to be bargained
- away to whoever is willing to take her. Granted that he doesnÆt view Bianca as anything
- more than a commodity as well, but he clearly favors her over Katherine as unspoiled
- merchandise. Bianca has a rather small role to play in the whole of things. She seems to
- be the archetypal young lady of quality. Her lack of understanding for her sister causes
- them to quarrel and results in Bianca taking the physical worst of it, whilst Katherine is
- blamed for her belligerent nature. The entire presence of family in the play gives
- Katherine her motivation and explains much of the whole situation in the dialogue.
- Contrast this with the isolated Viola. She is shipwrecked and has no one to connect with
- at all. Her situation is implicitly understood by the Shakespearean audience as being an
- awkward one for a young woman. Lacking anyone to provide for her, she is forced to
- take measures to protect herself and her estate. The understood reason for her deception
- is to insure for herself, and it is clearly stated by Viola at the end of Act I .Scene 3.
- Obviously, the two women are very different individuals. Yet they share the
- same characteristics that Shakespeare imparted onto many of his heroines. Each is
- resolute and knows her own mind. Though society demands certain behavior from them,
- they each chose to undertake a different path to deny that behavior. The self is promoted
- over the public image. Yet, each is not averse to returning to societyÆs established roles if
- it serves their needs and wants. The entire concept of choice and free-will, of which
- Shakespeare was so fond of, applies as equally to his feminine characters as to his
- masculine. It is this very important point which establishes the conclusion that
- Shakespeare did indeed create realistic and meaningful female characters.
-
-
- Sources Cited
- Peralta, T. ôThe Taming of the Shrew.ö English 28: ShakespeareÆs Plays. Cerritos
- College. Norwalk, CA, Fall semester 1996.
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